In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window

PLUTO / PLUTO-2 Spatial Light Modulators
Beam Shaping / Beam Steering Digital-/ Computer Holography/ CGH
Published on:
Authors: Claudio Conci, Laura Sironi, Emanuela Jacchetti, Davide Panzeri, Donato Inverso, Rebeca Martínez Vázquez, Roberto Osellame, Maddalena Collini, Giulio Cerullo, Giuseppe Chirico, Manuela Teresa Raimondi
Abstract:

Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.

Open Access

Publication: APL Bioengineering
Issue/Year: APL Bioeng. 1 March 2024; 8 (1): 016102
DOI: 10.1063/5.0165411
Link: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0165411

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