Shapeshifting Diffractive Optical Devices

Author(s):

Oscurato, Stefano L.; Reda, Francesco; Salvatore, Marcella; Borbone, Fabio; Maddalena, Pasqualino & Ambrosio, Antonio

Abstract:

“In optical devices like diffraction gratings and Fresnel lenses, light wavefront is engineered through the structuring of device surface morphology, within thicknesses comparable to the light wavelength. Fabrication of such diffractive optical elements involves highly accurate multistep lithographic processes that in fact set into stone both the surface morphology and optical functionality, resulting in intrinsically static devices. In this work, this fundamental limitation is overcome by introducing shapeshifting diffractive optical elements directly written on an erasable photoresponsive material, whose morphology can be changed in real time to provide different on-demand optical functionalities. First a lithographic configuration that allows writing/erasing cycles of aligned optical elements directly in the light path is developed. Then, the realization of complex diffractive gratings with arbitrary combinations of grating vectors is shown. Finally, a shapeshifting diffractive lens that is reconfigured in the light-path in order to change the imaging parameters of an optical system is demonstrated. The approach leapfrogs the state-of-the-art realization of optical Fourier surfaces by adding on-demand reconfiguration to the potential use in emerging areas in photonics, like transformation and planar optics.”

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Publication: Laser & Photonics Reviews
Issue/Year: Laser & Photonics Reviews, Volume 16; Number 4; Pages 2100514; 2022
DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202100514

Coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) with a superior lateral resolution of FINCH and axial resolution of conventional direct imaging systems

Author(s):

Bulbul, Angika; Hai, Nathaniel & Rosen, Joseph

Abstract:

“Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a self-interference incoherent digital holography technique. It possesses a higher lateral resolution than an equivalent incoherent imaging system. However, FINCH has lower axial resolution than the direct imaging systems with the same numerical aperture. A decade after the FINCH invention, a different incoherent holographic method named coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) was developed with improved axial resolution but with the same lateral resolution as direct imaging. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a variant of COACH called coded aperture with FINCH intensity responses (CAFIR) with an improved lateral resolution that is similar to the FINCH system while maintaining its high axial resolution similar to the direct imaging system. CAFIR is implemented with coded phase masks to generate an ensemble of quasi-randomly distributed FINCH-like responses. Point spread holograms and object holograms are recorded under identical conditions, and they are cross-correlated to obtain the image reconstruction. Imaging of a multiplane object is studied to compare the axial resolution of CAFIR with FINCH and direct imaging systems.”

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Publication: Optics Express
Issue/Year: Optics Express, Volume 29; Number 25; Pages 42106; 2021
DOI: 10.1364/oe.446945

Complex-amplitude single-pixel imaging using coherent structured illumination

Author(s):

Hou, Hong-Yun; Zhao, Ya-Nan; Han, Jia-Cheng; Cui, Sheng-Wei; Cao, De-Zhong; Liu, Hong-Chao; Zhang, Su-Heng & Liang, Bao-Lai

Abstract:

“This research presents a coherent structured illumination single-pixel imaging scheme to image objects with complex amplitudes. By utilizing a phase-only spatial light modulator for phase modulation, we can efficiently generate the Hadamard basis structured light and the reference light that interfere with each other to form the coherent structured illumination. Using the 4-step phase-shifting, the spectrum of the object is acquired by detecting the zero-frequency component of the object light with a single-pixel photodetector. The desired complex-amplitude image can be further retrieved by applying an inverse Hadamard transform. The proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated by imaging two etched glass objects, a dragonfly wing, and a resolution test chart. Benefiting from the phase modulation, this scheme has a high efficiency, a high imaging quality, a high spatial resolution, and a simple and stable configuration to obtain both the phase and amplitude information of the target object. The proposed scheme provides a promising complex-amplitude imaging modality with single-pixel detection. Thus it might find broad applications in optical metrology and biomedical science.”

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Publication: Optics Express
Issue/Year: Optics Express, Volume 29; Number 25; Pages 41827; 2021
DOI: 10.1364/oe.443258

Generating a twisted Gaussian Schell-model beam with a coherent-mode superposition

Author(s):

Zhang, Yue; Zhang, Xuan; Wang, Haiyun; Ye, Yan; Liu, Lin; Chen, Yahong; Wang, Fei & Cai, Yangjian

Abstract:

“Twist phase is a nontrivial second-order phase that only exists in a partially coherent field, providing a new degree of freedom for manipulating statistical properties of random light. However, in the existing experimental methods either it is difficult to control the twist phase or requires a large number of pseudo/random modes to approximately synthesize the twisted beams. In this work, we demonstrate a simple and efficient approach, based on the superposition of mutually orthogonal Laguerre-Gaussian modes with appropriate mode weights, to generate the twisted beams with a controllable twist phase. We show that a smaller number of modes are required to synthesize the twisted beams, compared to the pseudo-mode superposition, because the orthogonal coherent modes are used in the present method. We experimentally generate the twisted Gaussian Schell-model beams with controllable strength of twist phase and measure their degree of coherence and average intensity behavior during propagation. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. Our approach will promote the application of the twisted partially coherent beams in optical imaging and free-space optical communications.”

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Publication: Optics Express
Issue/Year: Optics Express, Volume 29; Number 25; Pages 41964; 2021
DOI: 10.1364/oe.446160

Improving Multiphoton Microscopy by Combining Spherical Aberration Patterns and Variable Axicons

Author(s):

Bueno, J.M.; Hernández, G.; Skorsetz, M.; Artal, P.

Abstract:

“Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a well-established method for the non-invasive imaging of biological tissues. However, its optical sectioning capabilities are reduced due to specimen-induced aberrations. Both the manipulation of spherical aberration (SA) and the use of axicons have been reported to be useful techniques to bypass this limitation. We propose the combination of SA patterns and variable axicons to further improve the quality of MP microscopy images. This approach provides enhanced images at different depth locations whose quality is better than those corresponding to the use of SA or axicons separately. Thus, the procedure proposed herein facilitates the visualization of details and increases the depth observable at high resolution.”

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Publication: Photonics
Issue/Year: Photonics, Volume 8; Number 12; Pages 573; 2021
DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120573

Lensless Optical Encryption of Multilevel Digital Data Containers Using Spatially Incoherent Illumination

Author(s):

Cheremkhin, Pavel; Evtikhiev, Nikolay; Krasnov, Vitaly; Ryabcev, Ilya; Shifrina, Anna & Starikov, Rostislav

Abstract:

“The necessity of the correction of errors emerging during the optical encryption process ledto the extensive use of data containers such as QR codes. However, due to specifics of optical encryp-tion, QR codes are not very well suited for the task, which results in low error correction capabilitiesin optical experiments mainly due to easily breakable QR code’s service elements and byte datastructure. In this paper, we present optical implementation of information optical encryption systemutilizing new multilevel customizable digital data containers with high data density. The results ofoptical experiments demonstrate efficient error correction capabilities of the new data container.”

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Publication: Applied Sciences
Issue/Year: Applied Sciences, Volume 12; Number 1; Pages 406; 2021
DOI: 10.3390/app12010406

Neural 3D holography

Author(s):

Choi, Suyeon; Gopakumar, Manu; Peng, Yifan; Kim, Jonghyun & Wetzstein, Gordon

Abstract:

“Holographic near-eye displays promise unprecedented capabilities for virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) systems. The image quality achieved by current holographic displays, however, is limited by the wave propagation models used to simulate the physical optics. We propose a neural network-parameterized plane-to-multiplane wave propagation model that closes the gap between physics and simulation. Our model is automatically trained using camera feedback and it outperforms related techniques in 2D plane-to-plane settings by a large margin. Moreover, it is the first network-parameterized model to naturally extend to 3D settings, enabling high-quality 3D computer-generated holography using a novel phase regularization strategy of the complex-valued wave field. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through extensive experimental evaluation with both VR and optical see-through AR display prototypes.”

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Publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics
Issue/Year: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Volume 40; Number 6; Pages 1–12; 2021
DOI: 10.1145/3478513.3480542

Multi-Incidence Holographic Profilometry for Large Gradient Surfaces with Sub-Micron Focusing Accuracy

Author(s):

Idicula, Moncy Sajeev; Kozacki, Tomasz; Józwik, Michal; Mitura, Patryk; Martinez-Carranza, Juan & Choo, Hyon-Gon

Abstract:

“Surface reconstruction for micro-samples with large discontinuities using digital holography is a challenge. To overcome this problem, multi-incidence digital holographic profilometry (MIDHP) has been proposed. MIDHP relies on the numerical generation of the longitudinal scanning function (LSF) for reconstructing the topography of the sample with large depth and high axial resolution. Nevertheless, the method is unable to reconstruct surfaces with large gradients due to the need of: (i) high precision focusing that manual adjustment cannot fulfill and (ii) preserving the functionality of the LSF that requires capturing and processing many digital holograms. In this work, we propose a novel MIDHP method to solve these limitations. First, an autofocusing algorithm based on the comparison of shapes obtained by the LSF and the thin tilted element approximation is proposed. It is proven that this autofocusing algorithm is capable to deliver in-focus plane localization with submicron resolution. Second, we propose that wavefield summation for the generation of the LSF is carried out in Fourier space. It is shown that this scheme enables a significant reduction of arithmetic operations and can minimize the number of Fourier transforms needed. Hence, a fast generation of the LSF is possible without compromising its accuracy. The functionality of MIDHP for measuring surfaces with large gradients is supported by numerical and experimental results”

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Publication: Sensors
Issue/Year: Sensors, Volume 22; Number 1; Pages 214; 2021
DOI: 10.3390/s22010214

Fast 3D Content Update for Wide-Angle Holographic Near-Eye Display

Author(s):

Rafał Kukołowicz; Chlipala, Maksymilian; Martinez-Carranza, Juan; Idicula, Moncy Sajeev & Kozacki, Tomasz

Abstract:

“Near-eye holographic displays are the holy grail of wear-on 3D display devices because they are intended to project realistic wide-angle virtual scenes with parameters matching human vision. One of the key features of a realistic perspective is the ability to move freely around the virtual scene. This can be achieved by addressing the display with wide-angle computer-generated holograms (CGHs) that enable continuous viewpoint change. However, to the best of our knowledge there is no technique able to generate these types of content. Thus, in this work we propose an accurate and non-paraxial hologram update method for wide-angle CGHs that supports continuous viewpoint change around the scene. This method is based on the assumption that with a small change in perspective, two consecutive holograms share overlapping data. This enables reusing the corresponding part of the information from the previous view, eliminating the need to generate an entirely new hologram. Holographic information for the next viewpoint is calculated in two steps: first, a tool approximating the Angular Spectrum Propagation is proposed to generate the hologram data from previous viewpoint; and second, the efficient Phase Added Stereogram algorithm is utilized for generating the missing hologram content. This methodology offers fast and accurate calculations at the same time. Numerical and optical experiments are carried out to support the results of the proposed method.”

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Publication: Applied Sciences
Issue/Year: Applied Sciences, Volume 12; Number 1; Pages 293; 2021
DOI: 10.3390/app12010293

Reconstructing images of two adjacent objects passing through scattering medium via deep learning

Author(s):

Lai, Xuetian; Li, Qiongyao; Chen, Ziyang; Shao, Xiaopeng & Pu, Jixiong

Abstract:

“In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we first present a deep learning based method for reconstructing the images of two adjacent objects passing through scattering media. We construct an imaging system for imaging of two adjacent objects located at different depths behind the scattering medium. In general, as the light field of two adjacent objects passes through the scattering medium, a speckle pattern is obtained. We employ the designed adversarial network, which is called as YGAN, for reconstructing the two images simultaneously from the speckle. It is shown that based on the trained YGAN, we can reconstruct images of the two adjacent objects with high quality. In addition, the influence of object image types, and the location depths of the two adjacent objects on the imaging fidelity will be studied. Results demonstrate the strong generalization ability and effectiveness of the YGAN. Even in the case where another scattering medium is inserted between the two objects, the YGAN can reconstruct the object images with high fidelity. The technique presented in this paper can be used for applications in areas of medical image analysis, such as medical image classification, segmentation, and studies of multi-object scattering imaging, three-dimensional imaging etc.”

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Publication: Optics Express
Issue/Year: Optics Express, Volume 29; Number 26; Pages 43280; 2021
DOI: 10.1364/oe.446630
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